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Abstract
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In Japan, as in many developed countries, the government's agencies for science have implemented several reforms to the scienti c research system, which has concentrated research resources in the top research universities. However, the growth of research papers has stagnated in Japan during the 2000s. To analyze the reason for this, this paper develops a framework that decomposes the changes in research output. The framework is based on a model of universities and is an application of growth accounting that is widely used in economics. Using the framework, we nd that the change in the allocation of research funds between universities had only a small effect on research output.
The stagnation in research output during the 2000s was mainly accounted for by the decrease in research time. We also conduct a counterfactual experiment to examine how the research output
would increase if the misallocation of research resources were completely removed.
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